ISINGENISO
Abantu bahambe ibanga elide kusukela ekutholakaleni kukagesi kuya ekusetshenzisweni kabanzi “njengogesi” kanye “namandla kagesi”. Enye yezinto eziphawuleka kakhulu “impikiswano yomzila” phakathi kwe-AC ne-DC. Abalingiswa abaphambili bangabantu ababili abahlakaniphile banamuhla, u-Edison noTesla. Kodwa-ke, okuthakazelisayo ukuthi ngokombono wabantu abasha nabasha ekhulwini lama-21, le “mpikiswano” ayinqotshwa noma ayilahleki ngokuphelele.

Nakuba okwamanje konke kusukela emithonjeni yokuphehla ugesi kuya ezinhlelweni zokuhamba zikagesi ngokuyisisekelo "kuyi-alternating current", i-direct current ikhona yonke indawo ezintweni eziningi zikagesi kanye nemishini yokugcina. Ikakhulukazi, isixazululo sesistimu yamandla "yendlu yonke ye-DC", esiye sathandwa yiwo wonke umuntu eminyakeni yamuva nje, sihlanganisa ubuchwepheshe bobunjiniyela be-IoT kanye nobuhlakani bokwenziwa ukuze kunikezwe isiqinisekiso esinamandla "sempilo yasekhaya ehlakaniphile". Landela i-Charging Head Network ngezansi ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngokuthi iyini i-DC yendlu yonke.

ISINGENISO SESISEKELO

I-Direct Current (DC) kulo lonke ikhaya iyisistimu kagesi esebenzisa amandla kagesi aqondile emakhaya nasezindlini. Umqondo we-“whole-house DC” waphakanyiswa ngomongo wokuthi ukushiyeka kwezinhlelo ze-AC zendabuko sekusobala kakhulu futhi umqondo wokuvikelwa kwekhabhoni ephansi kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo uye wanaka kakhulu.

UHLELO LWE-AC LWENDAWO

Njengamanje, uhlelo lwamandla oluvame kakhulu emhlabeni uhlelo lwamandla ashintshanayo. Uhlelo lwamandla ashintshanayo luhlelo lokudlulisa amandla nokusabalalisa olusebenza ngokusekelwe ezinguqukweni zokugeleza kwamandla okubangelwa ukusebenzisana kwamasimu kagesi namagnetic. Nazi izinyathelo eziyinhloko zendlela uhlelo lwe-AC olusebenza ngayo:

Ijeneretha: Indawo yokuqala yesistimu yamandla yijenereyitha. Ijenereyitha iyithuluzi eliguqula amandla omshini abe amandla kagesi. Isimiso esiyisisekelo ukukhiqiza amandla e-electromotive abangelwayo ngokusika izintambo ezinensimu kazibuthe ejikelezayo. Ezinhlelweni zamandla e-AC, amajenereyitha ahambisanayo avame ukusetshenziswa, futhi ama-rotor awo aqhutshwa amandla omshini (njengamanzi, igesi, umusi, njll.) ukuze akhiqize insimu kazibuthe ejikelezayo.

Isizukulwane samanje esishintshashintshayo: Insimu kazibuthe ejikelezayo kujenereyitha ibangela izinguquko emandleni e-electromotive abangelwa yizinjini zikagesi, ngaleyo ndlela ikhiqize ugesi oshintshashintshayo. Imvamisa yamandla okushintshashintshayo ivame ukuba ngu-50 Hz noma u-60 Hz ngomzuzwana, kuye ngezindinganiso zesistimu yamandla ezifundeni ezahlukene.

Isinyathelo sokushintsha: Ukushintshana kwamandla kudlula kuma-transformer emigqeni yokudlulisa amandla. I-transformer iyithuluzi elisebenzisa isimiso sokungeniswa kwamandla kagesi ukushintsha i-voltage yamandla kagesi ngaphandle kokushintsha imvamisa yawo. Enqubweni yokudlulisa amandla, ukushintshana kwamandla kagesi aphezulu kulula ukukudlulisa emabangeni amade ngoba kunciphisa ukulahleka kwamandla okubangelwa ukumelana.

Ukudluliselwa kanye nokusatshalaliswa: Ugesi oshintshashintshayo onamandla aphezulu udluliselwa ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene ngemigqa yokudlulisa, bese wehliswa ngama-transformer ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokusetshenziswa okuhlukene. Izinhlelo ezinjalo zokudlulisa nokusabalalisa zivumela ukudluliselwa nokusetshenziswa kahle kwamandla kagesi phakathi kokusetshenziswa okuhlukene nezindawo.

Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla e-AC: Kumsebenzisi wokugcina, ugesi we-AC unikezwa emakhaya, emabhizinisini, nasezindaweni zezimboni. Kulezi zindawo, ugesi oshintshashintshayo usetshenziselwa ukushayela imishini ehlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukukhanyisa, ama-heater kagesi, ama-motor kagesi, imishini kagesi, nokuningi.

Ngokuvamile, izinhlelo zamandla e-AC zaba yinto evamile ekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule ngenxa yezinzuzo eziningi ezifana nezinhlelo zamanje ezizinzile nezilawulekayo kanye nokulahlekelwa kwamandla okuphansi emigqeni. Kodwa-ke, ngokuthuthuka kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe, inkinga yokulinganisela i-engeli yamandla yezinhlelo zamandla e-AC isibe nkulu kakhulu. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo zamandla kuholele ekuthuthukisweni okulandelanayo kwamadivayisi amaningi kagesi afana nama-rectifier (ukuguqula amandla e-AC abe amandla e-DC) kanye nama-inverter (ukuguqula amandla e-DC abe amandla e-AC). Ubuchwepheshe bokulawula bama-valve okuguqula nabo bungene esigabeni esicacile kakhulu, futhi isivinini sokunqamula amandla e-DC asingaphansi kwesama-AC circuit breakers.

Lokhu kwenza ukushiyeka okuningi kohlelo lwe-DC kunyamalale kancane kancane, futhi isisekelo sobuchwepheshe se-DC yendlu yonke sesikhona.

EUMQONDO ONGAKUNGABI NOKUNGENAKHABONI OKUNINGI FUTHI ONGENAKHABONI ELIPHANSI

Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngokuvela kwezinkinga zesimo sezulu emhlabeni wonke, ikakhulukazi umphumela wokushisa komhlaba, izinkinga zokuvikelwa kwemvelo ziye zathola ukunakwa okwengeziwe. Njengoba i-DC yendlu yonke ihambisana kangcono nezinhlelo zamandla avuselelekayo, inezinzuzo ezinhle kakhulu ekongiweni kwamandla kanye nokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi. Ngakho-ke ithola ukunakwa okwengeziwe.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlelo lwe-DC lungasindisa izingxenye eziningi nezinto zokwakha ngenxa yesakhiwo salo sesekethe "esiqondile" futhi sihambisana kakhulu nomqondo "wokusebenzisa ikhabhoni ephansi futhi enobungani nemvelo".

UMQONDO WOKUHLAKANIPHA WENDLU YONKE

Isisekelo sokusetshenziswa kwe-DC yendlu yonke ukusetshenziswa nokukhuthazwa kobuhlakani bendlu yonke. Ngamanye amazwi, ukusetshenziswa kwangaphakathi kwezinhlelo ze-DC kusekelwe ekuhlakanipheni, futhi kuyindlela ebalulekile yokunika amandla "ubuhlakani bendlu yonke".

I-Smart Home ibhekisela ekuxhumeni amadivayisi ahlukahlukene asekhaya, izinto zikagesi kanye nezinhlelo ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe kanye nezinhlelo ezihlakaniphile ukuze kufezwe ukulawula okuphakathi, ukuzenzekela kanye nokuqapha okukude, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukulula, induduzo kanye nokulula kwempilo yasekhaya. Ukuphepha kanye nokusebenza kahle kwamandla.

OKUYISISEKO

Izimiso zokusebenzisa izinhlelo ezihlakaniphile zendlu yonke zihilela izici eziningi ezibalulekile, okuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe bezinzwa, amadivayisi ahlakaniphile, ukuxhumana kwenethiwekhi, ama-algorithms ahlakaniphile nezinhlelo zokulawula, izixhumi zomsebenzisi, ukuphepha nokuvikelwa kobumfihlo, kanye nokuvuselelwa kwesofthiwe nokugcinwa kwayo. Lezi zici zixoxwa ngokuningiliziwe ngezansi.

Ubuchwepheshe Bezinzwa

Isisekelo sohlelo oluhlakaniphile lwendlu yonke yizinhlobonhlobo zezinzwa ezisetshenziswa ukuqapha imvelo yasekhaya ngesikhathi sangempela. Izinzwa zemvelo zifaka phakathi izinzwa zokushisa, umswakama, ukukhanya, kanye nekhwalithi yomoya ukuzwa izimo zangaphakathi. Izinzwa zokunyakaza kanye nezinzwa zamagnetic zomnyango nefasitela zisetshenziselwa ukuthola ukunyakaza kwabantu kanye nesimo somnyango nefasitela, zinikeza idatha eyisisekelo yokuphepha kanye nokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela. Izinzwa zentuthu negesi zisetshenziselwa ukuqapha imililo kanye namagesi ayingozi ukuthuthukisa ukuphepha kwasekhaya.

Idivayisi Ehlakaniphile

Amadivayisi ahlukahlukene ahlakaniphile akha umongo wesistimu ehlakaniphile yendlu yonke. Ukukhanyisa okuhlakaniphile, izinto zasekhaya, izingidi zeminyango, namakhamera konke kunomsebenzi ongalawulwa kude nge-inthanethi. Lawa madivayisi axhunywe kunethiwekhi ehlangene ngobuchwepheshe bokuxhumana obungenantambo (njenge-Wi-Fi, i-Bluetooth, i-Zigbee), okuvumela abasebenzisi ukulawula nokuqapha amadivayisi asekhaya nge-inthanethi nganoma yisiphi isikhathi noma kuphi.

Ukuxhumana ngocingo

Amadivayisi esistimu yobuhlakani yendlu yonke axhunywe nge-inthanethi ukuze akhe uhlelo lobuchwepheshe oluhlakaniphile. Ubuchwepheshe bokuxhumana kwenethiwekhi buqinisekisa ukuthi amadivayisi angasebenza ndawonye ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka ngenkathi ehlinzeka ngokulula kokulawula okude. Ngezinsizakalo zamafu, abasebenzisi bangafinyelela izinhlelo zasekhaya ukude ukuze baqaphe futhi balawule isimo sedivayisi ukude.

Ama-algorithms ahlakaniphile nezinhlelo zokulawula

Ngokusebenzisa ubuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye nama-algorithm okufunda komshini, uhlelo oluhlakaniphile lwendlu yonke lungahlaziya futhi lucubungule idatha eqoqwe ngama-sensor ngobuhlakani. La ma-algorithm avumela uhlelo ukuthi lufunde imikhuba yomsebenzisi, lulungise ngokuzenzakalelayo isimo sokusebenza sedivayisi, futhi lufeze ukwenza izinqumo nokulawula okuhlakaniphile. Ukusetha imisebenzi ehleliwe kanye nezimo zokuqala kwenza uhlelo lukwazi ukwenza imisebenzi ngokuzenzakalelayo ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile futhi luthuthukise izinga lokuzenzakalela kohlelo.

I-Interface Yomsebenzisi

Ukuze kuvunyelwe abasebenzisi ukuthi basebenzise uhlelo oluhlakaniphile lwendlu yonke kalula, kuhlinzekwa izinhlobo ezahlukene zezindawo zokusebenzelana zabasebenzisi, okuhlanganisa izinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula, amaphilisi noma izindawo zokusebenzelana zekhompyutha. Ngalezi zindawo zokusebenzelana, abasebenzisi bangalawula futhi baqaphe kalula amadivayisi asekhaya kude. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulawula izwi kuvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi balawule amadivayisi ahlakaniphile ngemiyalo yezwi ngokusebenzisa uhlelo lwabasizi bezwi.

IZINZUZO ZE-WHOLL-HOUSE DC

Kunezinzuzo eziningi zokufaka izinhlelo ze-DC emakhaya, ezingafingqwa ngezici ezintathu: ukusebenza kahle kokudlulisa amandla aphezulu, ukuhlanganiswa okuphezulu kwamandla avuselelekayo, kanye nokuhambisana okuphezulu kwemishini.

UKUSEBENZA KAHLE

Okokuqala, kumasekethe angaphakathi, imishini yamandla esetshenziswayo ivame ukuba ne-voltage ephansi, futhi amandla e-DC awadingi ukuguqulwa kwe-voltage njalo. Ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwama-transformer kunganciphisa ngempumelelo ukulahleka kwamandla.

Okwesibili, ukulahleka kwezintambo kanye nama-conductor ngesikhathi sokudluliselwa kwamandla e-DC kuncane kakhulu. Ngenxa yokuthi ukulahleka kokumelana kwe-DC akushintshi ngokuya kwendlela yamanje, kungalawulwa futhi kuncishiswe ngempumelelo enkulu. Lokhu kwenza amandla e-DC abonise ukusebenza kahle kwamandla okuphezulu kwezinye izimo ezithile, njengokudluliselwa kwamandla ebanga elifushane kanye nezinhlelo zokunikezwa kwamandla endawo.

Okokugcina, ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe, kuye kwethulwa ezinye iziguquli ezintsha ze-elekthronikhi kanye nobuchwepheshe bokushintshashintsha ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kwezinhlelo ze-DC. Iziguquli ze-elekthronikhi ezisebenzayo zinganciphisa ukulahlekelwa kokuguqulwa kwamandla futhi zithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kwamandla jikelele kwezinhlelo zamandla ze-DC.

UKUHLANGANISWA KWAMANDLA OKUVUSELELWAYO

Kuhlelo oluhlakaniphile lwendlu yonke, amandla avuselelekayo nawo azofakwa futhi aguqulwe abe amandla kagesi. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokusebenzisa umqondo wokuvikelwa kwemvelo, kodwa futhi kusebenzise ngokugcwele isakhiwo nendawo yendlu ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwamandla. Ngokuphambene nalokho, izinhlelo ze-DC kulula ukuzihlanganisa nemithombo yamandla avuselelekayo njengamandla elanga kanye namandla omoya.

UKUFANELELANA KWEDIVAYISI

Uhlelo lwe-DC luhambisana kangcono nemishini kagesi yangaphakathi. Njengamanje, imishini eminingi efana nezibani ze-LED, ama-air conditioner, njll. ngokwawo angama-DC drive. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izinhlelo zamandla ze-DC kulula ukuzifinyelela ukulawula nokuphatha okuhlakaniphile. Ngobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe be-elekthronikhi, ukusebenza kwemishini ye-DC kungalawulwa ngokunembe kakhudlwana futhi ukuphathwa kwamandla okuhlakaniphile kungafezwa.

IZINDAWO ZOKUSEBENZA

Izinzuzo eziningi zesistimu ye-DC esanda kukhulunywa ngayo zingabonakala ngokuphelele emikhakheni ethile. Lezi zindawo ziyindawo yangaphakathi, yingakho i-DC yendlu yonke ingakhanya ezindaweni zangaphakathi zanamuhla.

ISAKHIWO SOKUHLALA

Ezakhiweni zokuhlala, izinhlelo ze-DC zendlu yonke zinganikeza amandla asebenzayo ezicini eziningi zemishini kagesi. Izinhlelo zokukhanyisa ziyindawo ebalulekile yokusetshenziswa. Izinhlelo zokukhanyisa ze-LED ezisebenza nge-DC zinganciphisa ukulahlekelwa kokuguqulwa kwamandla futhi zithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kwamandla.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, amandla e-DC angasetshenziswa futhi ukunika amandla amadivayisi kagesi asekhaya, njengamakhompyutha, amashaja omakhalekhukhwini, njll. Lawa madivayisi ngokwawo angamadivayisi e-DC angenazo izinyathelo ezengeziwe zokuguqula amandla.

Isakhiwo Sezentengiselwano

Amahhovisi nezindawo zezentengiselwano ezakhiweni zezentengiselwano nazo zingazuza ezinhlelweni ze-DC zendlu yonke. Ukunikezwa kukagesi kwe-DC kwemishini yehhovisi kanye nezinhlelo zokukhanyisa kusiza ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kahle kwamandla nokunciphisa ukulahlwa kwamandla.

Ezinye izinto zikagesi nezentengiselwano, ikakhulukazi lezo ezidinga ugesi we-DC, nazo zingasebenza kahle kakhulu, ngaleyo ndlela zithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kwezakhiwo zentengiselwano.

IZICELO ZEZIMBONI

Emkhakheni wezimboni, izinhlelo ze-DC zendlu yonke zingasetshenziswa emishinini yokukhiqiza kanye nasezindaweni zokusebenzela zikagesi. Eminye imishini yezimboni isebenzisa amandla e-DC. Ukusebenzisa amandla e-DC kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwamandla futhi kunciphise ukulahlwa kwamandla. Lokhu kubonakala kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwamathuluzi kagesi kanye nemishini yokusebenzela.

IZINHLELO ZOKUGCINA IMOTO KAGESI NOKUSHAJA

Emkhakheni wezokuthutha, izinhlelo zamandla ze-DC zingasetshenziswa ukushaja izimoto zikagesi ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokushaja. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlelo ze-DC zendlu yonke zingahlanganiswa nezinhlelo zokugcina amandla ebhethri ukuze kunikezwe imindeni izixazululo zokugcina amandla eziphumelelayo futhi kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kwamandla.

UBUCHWEPHESHE BOLWAZI NOKUXHUMANA

Emkhakheni wezobuchwepheshe bolwazi kanye nokuxhumana, izikhungo zedatha kanye neziteshi zokuxhumana ziyizimo ezifanele zohlelo lokusebenza lwezinhlelo ze-DC zendlu yonke. Njengoba amadivayisi amaningi namaseva ezikhungweni zedatha esebenzisa amandla e-DC, izinhlelo zamandla e-DC zisiza ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwesikhungo sedatha sonke. Ngokufanayo, iziteshi zokuxhumana kanye nemishini kungasebenzisa amandla e-DC ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kwesistimu nokunciphisa ukuncika ezinhlelweni zamandla zendabuko.

IZINXENYE ZESIMISEBENZI SE-DC SE-WHOLE-HOUSE

Ngakho-ke uhlelo lwe-DC lwendlu yonke lwakhiwa kanjani? Ngamafuphi, uhlelo lwe-DC lwendlu yonke lungahlukaniswa izingxenye ezine: umthombo wokukhiqizwa kwamandla e-DC, uhlelo lokugcina amandla oluphumayo, uhlelo lokusatshalaliswa kwamandla e-DC, kanye nemishini kagesi ephumayo.

DC UMTHOMBO WAMANDLA

Kuhlelo lwe-DC, indawo yokuqala umthombo wamandla we-DC. Ngokungafani nohlelo lwe-AC olujwayelekile, umthombo wamandla we-DC wendlu yonke ngokuvamile awunciki ngokuphelele ku-inverter ukuguqula amandla e-AC abe amandla e-DC, kodwa uzokhetha amandla avuselelekayo angaphandle. Njengomthombo wamandla okuphela noma oyinhloko.

Isibonelo, ungqimba lwamaphaneli elanga luzobekwa odongeni lwangaphandle lwesakhiwo. Ukukhanya kuzoguqulwa kube amandla e-DC ngamaphaneli, bese kugcinwa ohlelweni lokusabalalisa amandla e-DC, noma kudluliselwe ngqo kuhlelo lokusebenza lwemishini yokugcina; kungafakwa futhi odongeni lwangaphandle lwesakhiwo noma igumbi. Yakha i-wind turbine encane phezulu bese uyiguqula ibe amandla aqondile. Amandla omoya kanye namandla elanga okwamanje yimithombo yamandla e-DC evame kakhulu. Kungase kube neminye esikhathini esizayo, kodwa yonke idinga abaguquli ukuze bayiguqule ibe amandla e-DC.

DC UHLELO LOKUGCINA AMANDLA

Ngokuvamile, amandla e-DC akhiqizwa yimithombo yamandla e-DC ngeke adluliselwe ngqo emishinini yokugcina amandla, kodwa azogcinwa ohlelweni lokugcina amandla e-DC. Uma imishini idinga ugesi, ugesi uzokhishwa ohlelweni lokugcina amandla e-DC. Nikeza amandla ngaphakathi.

Uhlelo lokugcina amandla lwe-DC lufana nedamu lokugcina, elamukela amandla kagesi aguqulwe emthonjeni wamandla we-DC futhi liqhubeka nokuletha amandla kagesi emishinini yokugcina. Kuhle ukusho ukuthi njengoba ukudluliswa kwe-DC kuphakathi komthombo wamandla we-DC kanye nohlelo lokugcina amandla lwe-DC, kunganciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwama-inverter namadivayisi amaningi, okungagcini nje ngokunciphisa izindleko zokuklama isekethe, kodwa futhi kuthuthukisa ukuzinza kohlelo.

Ngakho-ke, uhlelo lokugcina amandla lwe-DC lwendlu yonke luseduze nemojuli yokushaja ye-DC yezimoto ezintsha zamandla kunesistimu yelanga ehlanganisiwe yendabuko "ye-DC".

Njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni esingenhla, "uhlelo lwelanga oluhlanganisiwe lwe-DC" lwendabuko ludinga ukudlulisa ugesi kugridi yamandla, ngakho-ke lunamamojula engeziwe e-solar inverter, kuyilapho "uhlelo lwelanga oluhlanganisiwe lwe-DC" olune-DC yendlu yonke lungadingi i-inverter kanye ne-booster. Ama-Transformers namanye amadivayisi, ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu kanye namandla.

DC UHLELO LOKUSABEZA AMANDLA

Inhliziyo yesistimu ye-DC yendlu yonke uhlelo lokusabalalisa lwe-DC, oludlala indima ebalulekile ekhaya, esakhiweni noma kwenye indawo. Lolu hlelo lunesibopho sokusabalalisa ugesi kusuka emthonjeni kuya kumadivayisi ahlukahlukene e-terminal, okufeza ukuphakelwa kukagesi kuzo zonke izingxenye zendlu.

UMTHELELA

Ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla: Uhlelo lokusatshalaliswa kwamandla lwe-DC lunesibopho sokusabalalisa amandla kagesi avela emithonjeni yamandla (njengamaphaneli elanga, izinhlelo zokugcina amandla, njll.) emishinini kagesi eyahlukene ekhaya, okuhlanganisa ukukhanyisa, izinto zikagesi, imishini kagesi, njll.

Thuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwamandla: Ngokusatshalaliswa kwamandla e-DC, ukulahlekelwa kokuguqulwa kwamandla kungancishiswa, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kwesistimu yonke. Ikakhulukazi uma kuhlanganiswa nemishini ye-DC kanye nemithombo yamandla avuselelekayo, amandla kagesi angasetshenziswa kahle kakhulu.

Isekela Amadivayisi e-DC: Esinye sezihluthulelo zesistimu ye-DC yendlu yonke ukusekela ukunikezwa kwamandla kwamadivayisi e-DC, ukugwema ukulahlekelwa amandla okuguqula i-AC ibe yi-DC.

UMTHETHO WOMTHETHO

Iphaneli Yokusabalalisa ye-DC: Iphaneli yokusabalalisa ye-DC iyithuluzi elibalulekile elisabalalisa ugesi kusuka kumaphaneli elanga kanye nezinhlelo zokugcina ugesi kuya kumasekethe namadivayisi ahlukahlukene ekhaya. Ihlanganisa izingxenye ezifana nama-DC circuit breakers kanye nama-voltage stabilizer ukuqinisekisa ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla kagesi okuzinzile nokuthembekile.

Uhlelo lokulawula oluhlakaniphile: Ukuze kufezwe ukuphathwa nokulawulwa kwamandla okuhlakaniphile, izinhlelo ze-DC zendlu yonke zivame ukuhlonyiswa ngezinhlelo zokulawula ezihlakaniphile. Lokhu kungafaka izici ezifana nokuqapha amandla, ukulawula okude kanye nokusetha isimo okuzenzakalelayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza okuphelele kohlelo.

Ama-DC Outlets nama-Switch: Ukuze ahambisane nemishini ye-DC, ama-outlets nama-switch ekhaya lakho kudingeka aklanywe ngokuxhumeka kwe-DC. Lawa ma-outlets nama-switch angasetshenziswa nemishini esebenza nge-DC ngenkathi kuqinisekiswa ukuphepha nokulula.

DC Imishini kagesi

Kunemishini eminingi yamandla kagesi ye-DC yangaphakathi kangangokuthi akunakwenzeka ukuyibala yonke lapha, kodwa ingahlukaniswa kuphela. Ngaphambi kwalokho, sidinga ukuqonda kuqala ukuthi hlobo luni lwemishini oludinga amandla e-AC nokuthi hlobo luni lwamandla e-DC. Ngokuvamile, imishini kagesi enamandla amakhulu idinga ama-voltage aphezulu futhi ifakwe ama-motor anemithwalo ephezulu. Leyo mishini kagesi iqhutshwa yi-AC, njengeziqandisi, ama-air conditioner amadala, imishini yokuwasha, ama-range hood, njll.

Kukhona nemishini kagesi engadingi ukushayela kwenjini enamandla amakhulu, futhi amasekethe ahlanganisiwe ngokunemba angasebenza kuphela kuma-voltage aphakathi naphansi, futhi asebenzise ugesi we-DC, njengamathelevishini, amakhompyutha, kanye nama-tape recorder.

Yiqiniso, umehluko ongenhla awuphelele kakhulu. Njengamanje, izinto eziningi zamandla aphezulu zingasebenza futhi yi-DC. Isibonelo, kuye kwavela ama-air conditioner e-DC variable frequency, esebenzisa ama-motor e-DC anemiphumela engcono yokuthula nokonga amandla. Ngokuvamile, isihluthulelo sokuthi imishini kagesi iyi-AC noma i-DC sincike esakhiweni sangaphakathi sedivayisi.

PICALA ELINOBUHLUNGU LE-WHOLE-HOUSE DC

Nazi ezinye izimo "ze-DC yendlu yonke" ezivela emhlabeni wonke. Kungatholakala ukuthi lezi zimo ziyizixazululo ezisebenzisa ikhabhoni ephansi futhi ezinobungani nemvelo, okubonisa ukuthi amandla amakhulu okuqhuba "i-DC yendlu yonke" kusengumqondo wokuvikelwa kwemvelo, futhi izinhlelo ze-DC ezihlakaniphile zisenendlela ende okufanele ziyihambe.

Indlu Yokukhipha Ukungcola Okungadingeki eSweden

Iphrojekthi Yokwakha Amandla Amasha Yendawo Yokubonisa yaseZhongguancun

Iphrojekthi Yokwakha Amandla Amasha yaseZhongguancun iwumsebenzi wokubonisa ogqugquzelwa uHulumeni Wesifunda saseChaoyang eBeijing, eShayina, ohlose ukukhuthaza izakhiwo eziluhlaza kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla avuselelekayo. Kulo msebenzi, ezinye izakhiwo zamukela izinhlelo ze-DC zendlu yonke, ezihlanganiswa namaphaneli elanga kanye nezinhlelo zokugcina amandla ukuze kufezwe ukuhlinzekwa kwamandla e-DC. Lo mzamo uhlose ukunciphisa umthelela wemvelo wesakhiwo nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwamandla ngokuhlanganisa amandla amasha kanye nokunikezwa kwamandla e-DC.

Iphrojekthi Yokuhlala Yamandla Aqhubekayo Yombukiso WaseDubai 2020, e-UAE

Embukisweni ka-2020 eDubai, amaphrojekthi amaningana abonise izindlu zamandla azinzile ezisebenzisa amandla avuselelekayo kanye nezinhlelo ze-DC zendlu yonke. La maphrojekthi ahlose ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwamandla ngezixazululo zamandla ezintsha.

Iphrojekthi Yokuhlola ye-Japan DC Microgrid

EJapane, amanye amaphrojekthi okuhlola e-microgrid aseqalile ukusebenzisa izinhlelo ze-DC zendlu yonke. Lezi zinhlelo zisebenza ngamandla elanga nawomoya, kuyilapho kusetshenziswa amandla e-DC ezintweni zikagesi nemishini ngaphakathi kwekhaya.

Indlu Yesikhungo Samandla

Le phrojekthi, ebambisene phakathi kweLondon South Bank University kanye ne-UK's National Physical Laboratory, ihlose ukudala ikhaya elingenawo amandla. Ikhaya lisebenzisa amandla e-DC, ahlanganiswe nezinhlelo ze-photovoltaic zelanga kanye nokugcina amandla, ukuze kusetshenziswe amandla ngendlela ephumelelayo.

RIzinhlangano Zezimboni Ze-ELEVANT

Ubuchwepheshe bobuhlakani bendlu yonke buke bethulwa kuwe ngaphambilini. Eqinisweni, ubuchwepheshe busekelwa ezinye izinhlangano zemboni. I-Charging Head Network ibale izinhlangano ezifanele embonini. Lapha sizokwethula izinhlangano ezihlobene ne-DC yendlu yonke.

INKOKHELO 

I-FCA

I-FCA (Fast Charging Alliance), igama lesiShayina elithi “Guangdong Terminal Fast Charging Industry Association”. I-Guangdong Terminal Fast Charging Industry Association (ebizwa ngokuthi i-Terminal Fast Charging Industry Association) yasungulwa ngo-2021. Ubuchwepheshe bokushaja okusheshayo kwe-terminal buyikhono elibalulekile eliqhuba ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kwesizukulwane esisha semboni yolwazi lwe-elekthronikhi (kufaka phakathi i-5G kanye nobuhlakani bokwenziwa). Ngaphansi komkhuba wokuthuthukiswa komhlaba wonke wokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni, ukushaja okusheshayo kwe-terminal kusiza ukunciphisa imfucuza kagesi kanye nemfucuza yamandla futhi kufezwe ukuvikelwa kwemvelo okuluhlaza. kanye nentuthuko esimeme yemboni, okuletha ulwazi lokushaja oluphephile noluthembekile kumakhulu ezigidi zabathengi.

Ukuze kusheshiswe ukwenziwa kwezindinganiso kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni kobuchwepheshe bokushaja okusheshayo kwe-terminal, i-Academy of Information and Communications Technology, i-Huawei, i-OPPO, i-vivo, kanye ne-Xiaomi bahola ekuqaliseni umzamo ohlangene nawo wonke amaqembu ochungechungeni lwemboni yokushaja okusheshayo kwe-terminal njengemishini ephelele yangaphakathi, ama-chip, izinsimbi, amashaja, kanye nezesekeli. Amalungiselelo azoqala ekuqaleni kuka-2021. Ukusungulwa kwenhlangano kuzosiza ekwakheni umphakathi wezithakazelo ochungechungeni lwemboni, kwakha isisekelo sezimboni sokuklama ukushaja okusheshayo kwe-terminal, ucwaningo nentuthuko, ukukhiqiza, ukuhlola, kanye nokuqinisekiswa, kuqhube ukuthuthukiswa kwezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi eziyinhloko, ama-chip ajwayelekile aphezulu, izinto eziyisisekelo ezibalulekile kanye neminye imikhakha, futhi kulwele ukwakha ama-terminal asezingeni lomhlaba amaqoqo ezimboni ezintsha ze-Kuaihong abaluleke kakhulu.

I-FCA ikhuthaza kakhulu indinganiso ye-UFCS. Igama eliphelele le-UFCS yi-Universal Fast Charging Specification, kanti igama layo lesiShayina yi-Fusion Fast Charging Standard. Iyisizukulwane esisha sokushaja okusheshayo okuhlanganisiwe okuholwa yi-Academy of Information and Communications Technology, i-Huawei, i-OPPO, i-vivo, i-Xiaomi, kanye nemizamo ehlanganyelwe yizinkampani eziningi ze-terminal, ama-chip kanye nabalingani bemboni njenge-Silicon Power, i-Rockchip, i-Lihui Technology, kanye ne-Angbao Electronics. Isivumelwano sihlose ukwakha amazinga okushaja okusheshayo ahlanganisiwe kuma-terminal eselula, ukuxazulula inkinga yokungahambelani kokushaja okusheshayo okuhlangene, nokudala indawo yokushaja esheshayo, ephephile nehambisanayo yabasebenzisi bokugcina.

Njengamanje, i-UFCS ibibambe ingqungquthela yesibili yokuhlola ye-UFCS, lapho kwaqedwa khona "Ukuhlolwa Kwangaphambi Kokusebenza Kokuthobela Imithetho Yebhizinisi Lamalungu" kanye "Nokuhlolwa Kokuhambisana Komkhiqizi Wesiphetho". Ngokuhlola kanye nokushintshana okufingqiwe, sihlanganisa imfundiso kanye nomkhuba ngasikhathi sinye, sihlose ukuqeda isimo sokungahambelani kokushaja okusheshayo, sikhuthaze ngokubambisana intuthuko enempilo yokushaja okusheshayo kwesiphelo, futhi sisebenzisana nabaphakeli abaningi bekhwalithi ephezulu kanye nabahlinzeki bezinsizakalo ochungechungeni lwemboni ukuze sikhuthaze ngokubambisana amazinga obuchwepheshe bokushaja okusheshayo. Intuthuko yokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni ze-UFCS.

I-USB-IF

Ngo-1994, inhlangano yamazwe ngamazwe yokulinganisa eyasungulwa yi-Intel ne-Microsoft, ebizwa ngokuthi “i-USB-IF” (igama eligcwele: i-USB Implementers Forum), iyinkampani engenzi nzuzo eyasungulwa yiqembu lezinkampani ezathuthukisa imininingwane ye-Universal Serial Bus. I-USB-IF yasungulwa ukuze inikeze inhlangano yokusekela kanye nenkundla yokuthuthukiswa nokwamukelwa kobuchwepheshe be-Universal Serial Bus. Le nkundla ikhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto ezihambisanayo ze-USB (amadivayisi) ezisezingeni eliphezulu futhi ikhuthaza izinzuzo ze-USB kanye nekhwalithi yemikhiqizo edlula ubufakazi bokuthobela imithetho.ng.

Ubuchwepheshe obuqalwe yi-USB-IF USB okwamanje bunezinhlobo eziningi zezincazelo zobuchwepheshe. Inguqulo yakamuva yezincazelo zobuchwepheshe yi-USB4 2.0. Izinga eliphezulu lale nqubo yobuchwepheshe likhushulwe laya ku-80Gbps. Lisebenzisa ukwakheka kwedatha okusha, izinga lokushaja okusheshayo le-USB PD, i-USB Type-C Interface kanye nezindinganiso zekhebula nazo zizobuyekezwa ngasikhathi sinye.

I-WPC

Igama eliphelele le-WPC yi-Wireless Power Consortium, kanti igama layo lesiShayina lithi “Wireless Power Consortium”. Yasungulwa ngoDisemba 17, 2008. Yinhlangano yokuqala emhlabeni yokulinganisa ubuchwepheshe bokushaja okungenantambo. Kusukela ngoMeyi 2023, i-WPC inamalungu angu-315. Amalungu e-Alliance abambisana nomgomo ofanayo: ukufeza ukuhambisana okugcwele kwawo wonke amashaja angenantambo kanye nemithombo yamandla engenantambo emhlabeni jikelele. Ngenxa yalokhu, bakhe imininingwane eminingi yobuchwepheshe bokushaja okusheshayo okungenantambo.

Njengoba ubuchwepheshe bokushaja okungenantambo buqhubeka nokukhula, ububanzi bokusetshenziswa kwayo buye banda kusukela kumadivayisi aphathwa ngesandla abathengi kuya ezindaweni eziningi ezintsha, njenge-laptops, amaphilisi, ama-drones, amarobhothi, i-inthanethi yezimoto, kanye namakhishi angenantambo ahlakaniphile. I-WPC ithuthukise futhi yagcina uchungechunge lwezindinganiso zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukene zokushaja okungenantambo, okuhlanganisa:

Izinga le-Qi lama-smartphone namanye amadivayisi eselula aphathwayo.

Izinga lekhishi elingenantambo le-Ki, lezinto zasekhishini, lisekela amandla okushaja afinyelela ku-2200W.

Izinga lezimoto zikagesi ezilula (LEV) lenza kube lula, kuphephe, kuhlakaniphe futhi kube lula kakhulu ukushaja izimoto zikagesi ezingenantambo njengamabhayisikili kagesi nama-scooter ekhaya nasohambeni.

Izinga lokushaja okungenantambo kwezimboni lokudlulisela amandla okungenantambo okuphephile nokulula kumarobhothi okushaja, ama-AGV, ama-drone kanye neminye imishini yokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela kwezimboni.

Manje sekunemikhiqizo yokushaja engenantambo eqinisekiswe yi-Qi engaphezu kuka-9,000 emakethe. I-WPC iqinisekisa ukuphepha, ukusebenzisana kanye nokufaneleka kwemikhiqizo ngenethiwekhi yayo yamalebhu okuhlola agunyaziwe azimele emhlabeni jikelele.

UKUXHUMANA

I-CSA

I-Connectivity Standards Alliance (CSA) yinhlangano ethuthukisa, iqinisekisa futhi ikhuthaza amazinga e-smart home Matter. Owandulelayo yi-Zigbee Alliance eyasungulwa ngo-2002. Ngo-Okthoba 2022, inani lamalungu enkampani ye-alliance lizofinyelela ngaphezu kuka-200.

I-CSA inikeza amazinga, amathuluzi kanye nezitifiketi kubasunguli be-IoT ukwenza i-Intanethi Yezinto ifinyeleleke kalula, iphephe futhi isebenziseke kalula1. Le nhlangano izinikele ekuchazeni nasekukhuliseni ukuqwashisa ngemboni kanye nokuthuthukiswa okuphelele kwemikhuba emihle yokuphepha ye-cloud computing kanye nobuchwepheshe bedijithali besizukulwane esilandelayo. I-CSA-IoT ihlanganisa izinkampani ezihamba phambili emhlabeni wonke ukudala nokukhuthaza amazinga avulekile afana ne-Matter, i-Zigbee, i-IP, njll., kanye nezindinganiso ezindaweni ezifana nokuphepha komkhiqizo, ubumfihlo bedatha, ukulawula ukufinyelela okuhlakaniphile nokuningi.

I-Zigbee iyindinganiso yokuxhumana ye-IoT eyasungulwa yi-CSA Alliance. Iyiphrothokholi yokuxhumana engenantambo eyenzelwe izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) kanye ne-Internet of Things (IoT). Yamukela indinganiso ye-IEEE 802.15.4, isebenza ngebhendi yemvamisa ye-2.4 GHz, futhi igxile ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla aphansi, ubunzima obuphansi kanye nokuxhumana okufushane. Ikhuthazwa yi-CSA Alliance, le phrothokholi isetshenziswe kabanzi emakhaya ahlakaniphile, ezenzakalelayo zezimboni, ezempilo nakwezinye izinkambu.

Enye yezinhloso zokuklama zeZigbee ukusekela ukuxhumana okuthembekile phakathi kwenani elikhulu lamadivayisi ngenkathi kugcinwa amazinga aphansi okusebenzisa amandla. Ifanele amadivayisi adinga ukusebenza isikhathi eside futhi athembele emandleni ebhethri, njengezindawo zokubona. Le protocol inezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-topology, kufaka phakathi inkanyezi, i-mesh kanye nesihlahla se-cluster, okwenza ivumelane namanethiwekhi osayizi nezidingo ezahlukene.

Amadivayisi e-Zigbee angakha ngokuzenzakalelayo amanethiwekhi azihlelayo, aguquguquka futhi aguquguquka, futhi angazivumelanisa nezimo ngokuguquguqukayo nezinguquko ku-topology yenethiwekhi, njengokwengeza noma ukususa amadivayisi. Lokhu kwenza i-Zigbee ibe lula ukuyisebenzisa nokuyigcina ezinhlelweni ezisebenzayo. Sekukonke, i-Zigbee, njengephrothokholi yokuxhumana engenantambo ejwayelekile evulekile, inikeza ikhambi elithembekile lokuxhuma nokulawula amadivayisi ahlukahlukene e-IoT.

I-Bluetooth SIG

Ngo-1996, i-Ericsson, i-Nokia, i-Toshiba, i-IBM kanye ne-Intel bahlela ukusungula inhlangano yezimboni. Le nhlangano yayiyi-“Bluetooth Technology Alliance”, ebizwa ngokuthi “i-Bluetooth SIG”. Bakha ubuchwepheshe bokuxhumana obungenantambo obufushane. Ithimba lokuthuthukisa lalinethemba lokuthi lobu buchwepheshe bokuxhumana obungenantambo bungahlanganisa futhi buhlanganise umsebenzi emikhakheni ehlukene yezimboni njenge-Bluetooth King. Ngakho-ke, lobu buchwepheshe baqanjwa ngokuthi i-Bluetooth.

I-Bluetooth (ubuchwepheshe be-Bluetooth) iyindinganiso yokuxhumana engenantambo yebanga elifushane, enamandla aphansi, efanelekile ekuxhumekeni okuhlukahlukene kwamadivayisi kanye nokudluliswa kwedatha, ngokubhanqa okulula, uxhumano lwamaphuzu amaningi kanye nezici zokuphepha eziyisisekelo.

I-Bluetooth (ubuchwepheshe be-Bluetooth) ingahlinzeka ngokuxhumeka okungenantambo kwamadivayisi asendlini futhi iyingxenye ebalulekile yobuchwepheshe bokuxhumana okungenantambo.

INHLANGANO YE-SPARKLINK

NgoSepthemba 22, 2020, iSparklink Association yasungulwa ngokusemthethweni. I-Spark Alliance iyinhlangano yezimboni ezibophezele ekwakhiweni komhlaba wonke. Umgomo wayo ukukhuthaza ukusungula izinto ezintsha kanye nemvelo yezimboni zesizukulwane esisha sobuchwepheshe bokuxhumana obungenantambo besikhathi esifushane iSparkLink, kanye nokwenza izinhlelo zokusebenza ezintsha ezithuthuka ngokushesha njengezimoto ezihlakaniphile, amakhaya ahlakaniphile, ama-terminal ahlakaniphile kanye nokukhiqizwa okuhlakaniphile, kanye nokuhlangabezana nezidingo zezidingo zokusebenza okunamandla. Njengamanje, inhlangano inamalungu angaphezu kuka-140.

Ubuchwepheshe bokuxhumana obungenantambo obufushane obukhuthazwa yi-Sparklink Association bubizwa ngokuthi i-SparkLink, futhi igama laso lesiShayina yi-Star Flash. Izici zobuchwepheshe ziwukubambezeleka okuphansi kakhulu kanye nokuthembeka okuphezulu kakhulu. Kuncike esakhiweni sohlaka olufushane kakhulu, i-Polar codec kanye nendlela yokudlulisa i-HARQ. I-SparkLink ingafinyelela ukubambezeleka okungu-20.833 microseconds kanye nokuthembeka okungu-99.999%.

WI-FI-Alliance

I-Wi-Fi Alliance yinhlangano yamazwe ngamazwe eyakhiwe yizinkampani eziningi zobuchwepheshe ezizibophezele ekukhuthazeni nasekukhuthazeni ukuthuthukiswa, ukusungula izinto ezintsha kanye nokulungiswa kobuchwepheshe benethiwekhi engenantambo. Le nhlangano yasungulwa ngo-1999. Umgomo wayo oyinhloko ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amadivayisi e-Wi-Fi akhiqizwa abakhiqizi abahlukene ayahambisana, ngaleyo ndlela kukhuthazwe ukuthandwa nokusetshenziswa kwamanethiwekhi angenantambo.

Ubuchwepheshe be-Wi-Fi (i-Wireless Fidelity) ubuchwepheshe obukhuthazwa kakhulu yi-Wi-Fi Alliance. Njengobuchwepheshe be-LAN engenantambo, busetshenziselwa ukudlulisa idatha nokuxhumana phakathi kwamadivayisi kagesi ngamasignali angenantambo. Buvumela amadivayisi (njengamakhompyutha, ama-smartphone, amathebhulethi, amadivayisi ahlakaniphile asekhaya, njll.) ukushintshanisa idatha ngaphakathi kwebanga elilinganiselwe ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuxhumeka okungokoqobo.

Ubuchwepheshe be-Wi-Fi busebenzisa amaza omsakazo ukuze kusungulwe ukuxhumana phakathi kwamadivayisi. Lolu hlobo olungenantambo luqeda isidingo sokuxhumana okungokoqobo, okuvumela amadivayisi ukuthi ahambe ngokukhululeka ngaphakathi kwebanga ngenkathi egcina ukuxhumana kwenethiwekhi. Ubuchwepheshe be-Wi-Fi busebenzisa amabhendi emvamisa ahlukene ukudlulisa idatha. Amabhendi emvamisa asetshenziswa kakhulu afaka phakathi i-2.4GHz ne-5GHz. Lawa mabhendi emvamisa ahlukaniswe ngeziteshi eziningi lapho amadivayisi angaxhumana khona.

Ijubane lobuchwepheshe be-Wi-Fi lincike kubhendi ejwayelekile kanye nemvamisa. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe, ijubane le-Wi-Fi liye landa kancane kancane kusukela kumakhulu okuqala e-Kbps (amakhilobhithi ngomzuzwana) kuya kuma-Gbps amaningana (amagigabhithi ngomzuzwana) amanje. Izindinganiso ezahlukene ze-Wi-Fi (njenge-802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.11ax, njll.) zisekela amazinga ahlukene okudlulisa aphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukudluliselwa kwedatha kuvikelwa ngezinqubo zokubethela nokuphepha. Phakathi kwazo, i-WPA2 (Wi-Fi Protected Access 2) kanye ne-WPA3 yizindinganiso ezivamile zokubethela ezisetshenziselwa ukuvikela amanethiwekhi e-Wi-Fi ekufinyeleleni okungagunyaziwe kanye nokwebiwa kwedatha.

SAMAKHODI OKUQINISEKISA NOKWAKHA

Isithiyo esikhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwezinhlelo ze-DC zendlu yonke ukuntuleka kwezindinganiso ezihambisanayo emhlabeni wonke kanye nemithetho yokwakha. Izinhlelo zikagesi zezakhiwo zendabuko zivame ukusebenza ngogesi oshintshashintshayo, ngakho-ke izinhlelo ze-DC zendlu yonke zidinga isethi entsha yezindinganiso ekuklanyweni, ekufakweni nasekusebenzeni.

Ukuntuleka kokuhlelwa kwemigomo kungaholela ekungalinganini phakathi kwezinhlelo ezahlukene, kwandise ubunzima bokukhethwa kwemishini nokufakwa esikhundleni sayo, futhi kungaphazamisa nobubanzi bemakethe kanye nokwanda kwayo. Ukuntuleka kokuzivumelanisa nezimo kumakhodi okwakha nakho kuyinselele, njengoba imboni yokwakha ivame ukusekelwe emiklamo yendabuko ye-AC. Ngakho-ke, ukwethula uhlelo lwe-DC lwendlu yonke kungadinga ukulungiswa kanye nokuchazwa kabusha kwamakhodi okwakha, okuzothatha isikhathi kanye nomzamo ohlangene.

EIZINDLEKO EZIQINILE NOKUSHINTSHA KWETEKNOLOJI

Ukufakwa kohlelo lwe-DC lwendlu yonke kungabandakanya izindleko zokuqala eziphezulu, kufaka phakathi imishini ye-DC ethuthukisiwe kakhulu, izinhlelo zokugcina amandla ebhethri, kanye nezinto zikagesi ezivumelaniswe ne-DC. Lezi zindleko ezengeziwe zingase zibe esinye sezizathu ezenza abathengi abaningi kanye nabathuthukisi bezakhiwo bangabaze ukwamukela izinhlelo ze-DC zendlu yonke.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, imishini yendabuko ye-AC kanye nengqalasizinda sekuvuthiwe futhi kusakazeke kakhulu kangangokuthi ukushintshela ohlelweni lwe-DC lwendlu yonke kudinga ukuguqulwa kobuchwepheshe obukhulu, okuhilela ukuklama kabusha ukwakheka kukagesi, ukufaka esikhundleni semishini, kanye nokuqeqesha abasebenzi. Lolu shintsho lungafaka izindleko ezengeziwe zokutshalwa kwezimali kanye nezabasebenzi ezakhiweni ezikhona kanye nengqalasizinda, kunciphise izinga lapho izinhlelo ze-DC zendlu yonke zingaqaliswa khona.

DUKUFANELELANA KWEZIVIKELI NOKUFINYELELA EMAKETHENI

Izinhlelo ze-DC zendlu yonke zidinga ukuhambisana namadivayisi amaningi emakethe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinto ezahlukene zikagesi, izibani kanye namanye amadivayisi ekhaya angasebenza kahle. Njengamanje, amadivayisi amaningi emakethe asasekelwe ku-AC, futhi ukukhuthazwa kwezinhlelo ze-DC zendlu yonke kudinga ukubambisana nabakhiqizi kanye nabaphakeli ukuze kukhuthazwe amadivayisi amaningi ahambisana ne-DC ukuze angene emakethe.

Kunesidingo sokusebenzisana nabaphakeli bamandla kanye namanethiwekhi kagesi ukuqinisekisa ukuhlanganiswa okuphumelelayo kwamandla avuselelekayo kanye nokuxhumana namagridi endabuko. Izinkinga zokuhambisana kwemishini kanye nokufinyelela emakethe zingathinta ukusetshenziswa okubanzi kwezinhlelo ze-DC zendlu yonke, okudinga ukuvumelana okwengeziwe kanye nokubambisana ochungechungeni lwemboni.

SI-MART NOKUSIMELELA

Esinye seziqondiso zentuthuko yesikhathi esizayo zezinhlelo ze-DC zendlu yonke ukugcizelela kakhulu ubuhlakani kanye nokusimama. Ngokuhlanganisa izinhlelo zokulawula ezihlakaniphile, izinhlelo ze-DC zendlu yonke zingaqapha futhi ziphathe ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngokunembile, zivumele amasu okuphatha amandla enziwe ngokwezifiso. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uhlelo lungalungisa ngokuguquguqukayo ngokwesidingo sendlu, amanani kagesi kanye nokutholakala kwamandla avuselelekayo ukuze kwandiswe ukusebenza kahle kwamandla futhi kuncishiswe izindleko zamandla.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isiqondiso sentuthuko esimeme sezinhlelo ze-DC zendlu yonke sihilela ukuhlanganiswa kwemithombo yamandla evuselelekayo ebanzi, okuhlanganisa amandla elanga, amandla omoya, njll., kanye nobuchwepheshe bokugcina amandla obusebenza kahle kakhulu. Lokhu kuzosiza ekwakheni uhlelo lwamandla asekhaya oluluhlaza, oluhlakaniphile noluzinzile futhi kukhuthaze intuthuko yesikhathi esizayo yezinhlelo ze-DC zendlu yonke.

SUKUQHUBEKA KWESIFUNDAZWE NOKUBAMBISANA KWEZIMBONI

Ukuze kukhuthazwe ukusetshenziswa kabanzi kwezinhlelo ze-DC zendlu yonke, esinye isiqondiso sentuthuko ukuqinisa ukuhambisana kanye nokubambisana kwezimboni. Ukusungula amazinga kanye nezincazelo ezihlangene emhlabeni wonke kunganciphisa izindleko zokuklama nokuqalisa uhlelo, kuthuthukise ukuhambisana kwemishini, ngaleyo ndlela kukhuthaze ukwanda kwemakethe.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubambisana kwezimboni nakho kuyisici esibalulekile ekukhuthazeni ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo ze-DC zendlu yonke. Abahlanganyeli kuzo zonke izici, okuhlanganisa abakhi, onjiniyela bakagesi, abakhiqizi bemishini kanye nabaphakeli bamandla, badinga ukusebenzisana ukwakha uhlelo lwezimboni olugcwele uchungechunge. Lokhu kusiza ekuxazululeni ukuhambisana kwamadivayisi, ukuthuthukisa ukuzinza kwesistimu, kanye nokuqhuba ukusungula izinto ezintsha kwezobuchwepheshe. Ngokusebenzisa ukulinganisa kanye nokubambisana kwezimboni, izinhlelo ze-DC zendlu yonke kulindeleke ukuthi zihlanganiswe kahle ezakhiweni ezivamile kanye nezinhlelo zamandla futhi zifeze izinhlelo zokusebenza ezibanzi.

SI-UMMARY

I-DC yendlu yonke iyisistimu yokusatshalaliswa kwamandla esafufusa, ngokungafani nezinhlelo ze-AC zendabuko, esebenzisa amandla e-DC esakhiweni sonke, ehlanganisa konke kusukela ekukhanyeni kuya emishinini kagesi. Izinhlelo ze-DC zendlu yonke zinikeza izinzuzo ezithile ezihlukile kunezinhlelo zendabuko maqondana nokusebenza kahle kwamandla, ukuhlanganiswa kwamandla avuselelekayo, kanye nokuhambisana kwemishini. Okokuqala, ngokunciphisa izinyathelo ezihilelekile ekuguqulweni kwamandla, izinhlelo ze-DC zendlu yonke zingathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwamandla futhi zinciphise ukulahlwa kwamandla. Okwesibili, amandla e-DC kulula ukuwahlanganisa nemishini yamandla avuselelekayo njengamaphaneli elanga, okuhlinzeka ngesisombululo samandla esimeme kakhulu sezakhiwo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kumadivayisi amaningi e-DC, ukwamukela uhlelo lwe-DC lwendlu yonke kunganciphisa ukulahlekelwa kokuguqulwa kwamandla futhi kwandise ukusebenza nokuphila kwemishini.

Izindawo zokusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo ze-DC zendlu yonke zihlanganisa amasimu amaningi, okuhlanganisa izakhiwo zokuhlala, izakhiwo zezentengiselwano, izinhlelo zezimboni, izinhlelo zamandla avuselelekayo, ezokuthutha kagesi, njll. Ezakhiweni zokuhlala, izinhlelo ze-DC zendlu yonke zingasetshenziswa ukunika amandla okukhanyisa kanye nezinto zikagesi ngendlela ephumelelayo, kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kwamandla ekhaya. Ezakhiweni zezentengiselwano, ukuphakelwa kukagesi kwe-DC kwemishini yehhovisi kanye nezinhlelo zokukhanyisa kusiza ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla. Emkhakheni wezimboni, izinhlelo ze-DC zendlu yonke zingathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kwemishini yomugqa wokukhiqiza. Phakathi kwezinhlelo zamandla avuselelekayo, izinhlelo ze-DC zendlu yonke kulula ukuzihlanganisa nemishini efana namandla elanga nawomoya. Emkhakheni wezokuthutha kagesi, izinhlelo zokusabalalisa amandla ze-DC zingasetshenziswa ukushaja izimoto zikagesi ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokushaja. Ukwanda okuqhubekayo kwalezi zindawo zokusetshenziswa kubonisa ukuthi izinhlelo ze-DC zendlu yonke zizoba inketho esebenzayo nephumelelayo ekwakheni kanye nasezinhlelweni zikagesi esikhathini esizayo.

For more information, pls. contact “maria.tian@keliyuanpower.com”.