Funda mayelana nokubuyekezwa kwezinga le-UL 1449 Surge Protective Devices (SPDs), okungeza izimfuneko zokuhlola zemikhiqizo esendaweni enomswakama, ikakhulukazi kusetshenziswa ukuhlolwa kwezinga lokushisa nokuswakama okungaguquki. Funda ukuthi iyini isivikeli sokuhlinza, nokuthi iyini indawo emanzi.
Abavikeli bokuhlinzwa (Amadivayisi Okuvikela Abahlinzayo, ama-SPD) bebelokhu bethathwa njengesivikelo esibaluleke kakhulu semishini kagesi. Zingavimbela ukuguquguquka kwamandla anqwabelene namandla, ukuze okokusebenza okuvikelwe kungeke konakaliswe ukushaqeka kwamandla kungazelelwe. Isivikeli sokuhlinza singaba idivayisi ephelele eklanywe ngokuzimela, noma singaklanywa njengengxenye futhi sifakwe ezintweni zikagesi zesistimu yamandla.
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, izivikeli zokuhlinza zisetshenziswa ngezindlela ezihlukene, kodwa zihlala zibaluleke kakhulu uma kuziwa emisebenzini yokuphepha. Izinga le-UL 1449 liyisidingo esijwayelekile abasebenzi banamuhla abasijwayele lapho befaka isicelo sokufinyelela emakethe.
Ngokukhula kobunzima bemishini ye-elekthronikhi kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo ezimbonini eziningi ngokwengeziwe, njengezibani zasemgwaqweni ze-LED, izitimela, i-5G, i-photovoltaics ne-elekthronikhi yezimoto, ukusetshenziswa nokuthuthukiswa kwezivikeli ezihlinzayo kukhuphuka ngokushesha, futhi namazinga embonini nawo ayadingeka. ukuze uhambisane nezikhathi futhi uhlale unolwazi lwakamuva.
Incazelo Yendawo Enomswakama
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-NFPA 70 ye-National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) noma i-National Electrical Code® (NEC), "indawo emanzi" ichazwe ngokucacile ngale ndlela elandelayo:
Izindawo ezivikelekile esimweni sezulu futhi azikho ngaphansi kokugcwala kwamanzi noma ezinye izinto eziwuketshezi kodwa zingaphansi kwamadigri amaphakathi omswakama.
Ngokukhethekile, amatende, amavulandi avulekile, nezindlu zangaphansi noma izindawo zokugcina impahla eziqandisiwe, njll., izindawo “ezingaphansi komswakama ophakathi” kukhodi.
Lapho isivikeli sokuhlinza (njenge-varistor) sifakwe kumkhiqizo wokugcina, kungenzeka kakhulu ngoba umkhiqizo wokugcina ufakiwe noma usetshenziswe endaweni enomswakama oguquguqukayo, futhi kufanele kubhekwe ukuthi endaweni enomswakama onjalo, ukuhlinza. umvikeli Ukuthi ingakwazi ukuhlangabezana namazinga okuphepha endaweni evamile.
Izidingo Zokuhlola Ukusebenza Komkhiqizo Ezindaweni Ezinomswakama
Amazinga amaningi adinga ngokucacile ukuthi imikhiqizo kufanele iphumelele uchungechunge lokuhlolwa kokwethembeka ukuze iqinisekise ukusebenza phakathi nomjikelezo wempilo yomkhiqizo, njengezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nomswakama ophezulu, ukushaqeka okushisayo, ukudlidliza kanye nokwehla kwezinto zokuhlola. Ezivivinyweni ezibandakanya izindawo ezilingisayo ezinomswakama, izinga lokushisa elingaguquki kanye nomswakama kuzosetshenziswa ukuhlola okuyinhloko, ikakhulukazi izinga lokushisa elingu-85°C/85% umswakama (ngokuvamile okwaziwa ngokuthi “ukuhlolwa okuphindwe kabili okungu-85”) kanye no-40°C izinga lokushisa/93 % Umswakamo Inhlanganisela kulawa masethi amabili wepharamitha.
Ukuhlola okungapheli kwezinga lokushisa nokuswakama kuhlose ukusheshisa impilo yomkhiqizo ngokusebenzisa izindlela zokuhlola. Ingakwazi ukuhlola kahle ikhono lokulwa nokuguga lomkhiqizo, okuhlanganisa nokucabangela ukuthi umkhiqizo unazo yini izici zokuphila isikhathi eside nokulahlekelwa okuphansi endaweni ekhethekile.
Senze inhlolovo yohlu lwemibuzo embonini, futhi imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi inani elikhulu labakhiqizi bomkhiqizo obulalayo benza izimfuneko zokuhlola izinga lokushisa nomswakama wezivikeli zokuhlinzwa kanye nezingxenye ezisetshenziswa ngaphakathi, kodwa izinga le-UL 1449 ngaleso sikhathi lalingenayo ehambisanayo Ngakho-ke, umenzi kufanele enze izivivinyo ezengeziwe ngokwakhe ngemuva kokuthola isitifiketi se-UL 1449; futhi uma kudingeka umbiko wesitifiketi somuntu wesithathu, ukuba nokwenzeka kwenqubo yokusebenza okukhulunywe ngayo ngenhla kuzoncishiswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma umkhiqizo wetheminali usebenza ekutholeni isitifiketi se-UL, uzophinda uhlangabezane nesimo sokuthi umbiko wokuqinisekisa wezingxenye ezizwela ukucindezela ezisetshenziswe ngaphakathi awufakiwe ekuhlolweni kwesicelo sendawo emanzi, futhi nokuhlola okwengeziwe kuyadingeka.
Siyaziqonda izidingo zamakhasimende futhi sizimisele ukusiza amakhasimende ukuxazulula amaphuzu ezinhlungu ahlangabezane nawo ekusebenzeni kwangempela. I-UL yethule uhlelo lokuvuselela olujwayelekile lwe-1449.
Izidingo zokuhlola ezihambisanayo zengezwe ezingeni
Izinga le-UL 1449 lisanda kwengeza izimfuneko zokuhlola zemikhiqizo esezindaweni eziswakeme. Abakhiqizi bangakhetha ukungeza lokhu kuhlola okusha esimweni sokuhlola ngenkathi befaka isicelo sokuthola isitifiketi se-UL.
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ukuhlolwa kwesicelo sendawo emanzi ikakhulukazi kwamukela ukuhlolwa okungapheli kwezinga lokushisa nomswakama. Okulandelayo kuveza inqubo yokuhlola yokuqinisekisa ukufaneleka kwe-Varistor (MOV)/Gas Discharge Tube (GDT) yezinhlelo zokusebenza zendawo emanzi:
Amasampula okuhlola azoqala avivinywe ukuguga ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa eziphezulu kanye nezimo zomswakama ophezulu amahora angu-1000, bese kuthi i-varistor voltage ye-varistor noma i-voltage ephukile yeshubhu yokukhipha igesi izoqhathaniswa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izingxenye zokuvikela ukuhlinzwa zingakwazi yini. ihlala isikhathi eside Endaweni enomswakama, isagcina ukusebenza kwayo kwasekuqaleni kokuvikela.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-09-2023