Funda mayelana nokuvuselelwa kwamadivayisi we-Ul 1449 evikela amadivaysi (SPD) ejwayelekile, engeza izidingo zokuhlola zemikhiqizo ezindaweni ezinomswakama, ikakhulukazi izivivinyo ezingapheli kanye nomswakama. Funda ukuthi uMvikeli Wokuhlinzwa uyini, nokuthi yiphi indawo emanzi.
Abavikeli ababavikeli (ama-Specita Refereture Protective, i-SPD) bebelokhu bethathwa njengokuvikelwa okubaluleke kakhulu kwemishini ye-elekthronikhi. Bangavimbela amandla aqoqiwe kanye nokushintshashintsha kwamandla, ukuze imishini evikelwe ilinyazwe ukwethuka kwamandla okungazelelwe. UMvikeli Wokuhlinzwa angaba yidivaysi ephelele eyenzelwe ngokuzimela, noma ingenziwa njengengxenye futhi efakwe kumishini kagesi yohlelo lwamandla.
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, abavikeli abaseSurge basetshenziswa ngezindlela ezihlukile, kepha bahlala begxeka kakhulu uma kukhulunywa ngemisebenzi yezokuphepha. I-Ul 1449 Standard iyimfuneko ejwayelekile ukuthi odokotela banamuhla bajwayelene lapho befaka isicelo sokufinyelela imakethe.
Ngobumbano olwengeziwe lwemishini ye-elekthronikhi kanye nesicelo sayo ezimbonini zayo, njengezibani zemigwaqo eholwa, izitimela, i-Photovoltaics kanye nezimo ze-autronive, ukuthuthukiswa kwezimoto ezibavikeli kuyakhula ngokushesha, futhi amazinga ezimboni adinga futhi ukuhambisana nezikhathi futhi uqhubeke uvuselelwa.
Incazelo yendawo enomswakama
Noma ngabe yi-NFPA 70 yeNational Fire Protection Association (NFPA) noma i-National Electrical Code® (NEC), "indawo enamanzi" ichazwe ngokucacile kanjena:
Izindawo zivikelwe isimo sezulu hhayi ngaphansi kokugcotshwa ngamanzi noma ezinye iziphuzo kodwa zincike emagcekeni alinganiselayo omswakama.
Ngokuqondile, amatende, ama-opela amaphethelo, kanye nezinto ezingaphansi komhlaba noma izindawo zokugcina eziqandisiwe, njll. Izindawo "ezincike kumswakama olinganiselayo" kwikhodi.
Lapho umvikeli we-surge (njenge-varistor) efakwe kumkhiqizo wokugcina, kungenzeka ngoba umkhiqizo wokugcina ufakiwe noma usetshenziswe endaweni enomswakama oshubile, futhi kufanele kubhekwe ukuthi kule ndawo enomswakama ephansi, okuhlangene UMvikeli ukuthi ingahlangabezana namazinga okuphepha endaweni ejwayelekile.
Izidingo zokuhlola ukusebenza komkhiqizo ezindaweni ezinomswakama
Izindinganiso eziningi zidinga ngokucacile ukuthi imikhiqizo kumele idlule uchungechunge lokuhlolwa kokwethenjwa ukuze uqinisekise ukusebenza ngesikhathi somjikelezo wempilo yomkhiqizo, njengokushisa okuphezulu kanye nomswakama ophezulu, ukwethuka okushisayo, ukudlidliza nokudonsa izinto zokuhlola. Ukuhlolwa okubandakanya izindawo ezinomswakama okwenziwe, izinga lokushisa njalo kanye nomswakama kuzosetshenziswa njengokuhlola okuyinhloko, ikakhulukazi umswakama ongu-85 ° C (waziwa ngokuthi umswakama ongu-40% we- "85% C kwalezi zindawo ezimbili zamapharamitha.
Ukuhlolwa okuqhubekayo kanye nomswakama kuhlose ukusheshisa impilo yomkhiqizo ngezindlela zokuhlola. Kungahlola kahle ikhono lokulwa nokuguga komkhiqizo, kufaka phakathi ukucabanga ukuthi ngabe umkhiqizo unezimpawu zempilo ende nokulahlekelwa okuphansi endaweni ekhethekile.
Senze inhlolovo yemibuzo embonini, futhi imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi inani elikhulu labakhiqizi bomkhiqizo we-terminal benza izidingo zokuhlolwa kwezinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama wabavikeli ababavikeli abase-surge kanye nezakhi ezisetshenziswe ngaphakathi Ngakho-ke, umakhi kufanele enze ezinye izivivinyo ngokwazo ngemuva kokuthola isitifiketi se-UL 1449; Futhi uma kudingeka umbiko wesitifiketi sesithathu, ukwenzeka kwenqubo yokusebenza okushiwo ngenhla izoncishiswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho umkhiqizo we-terminal usebenza ngesitifiketi se-Ul, futhi uzohlangabezana nesimo esithi Umbiko Wezitifiketi wezakhi ezibucayi zokucindezela afakwanga ekuhlolweni kwesicelo semvelo esimanzi, kanye nokuhlola okwengeziwe kuyadingeka.
Siyaqonda izidingo zamakhasimende futhi sizimisele ukusiza amakhasimende axazulule amaphuzu abuhlungu ahlangane ekusebenzeni kwangempela. I-UL yethule uhlelo lokuvuselela olujwayelekile lwe-1449.
Izidingo ezihambisanayo zokuhlola zengezwe ezingeni elijwayelekile
I-Ul 1449 Standard isanda kufakwa izidingo zokuhlola zemikhiqizo ezindaweni ezinamanzi. Abakhiqizi bangakhetha ukwengeza lokhu kuhlolwa okusha ecaleni lokuhlola ngenkathi kufakwa isicelo sesitifiketi se-Ul.
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ukuhlolwa kwesicelo semvelo esimanzi ikakhulukazi kwamukela izinga lokushisa njalo kanye nomswakama. Lokhu okulandelayo kuchaza inqubo yokuhlola ukuqinisekisa ukufaneleka kwe-varistor (mov) / i-ger yokukhipha ishubhu (i-GDT) yezicelo zemvelo ezimanzi:
Amasampula wokuhlola azoqala ukuvivinywa kokuguga ngaphansi kokushisa okuphezulu kanye nezimo eziphezulu zomswakama wamahora ayi-1000, bese kuthi i-varistor voltage ye-varistor noma i-voltage kagesi yeshubhu yokukhipha igesi izoqhathaniswa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ngabe izingxenye zokuvikela igesi zingaba yini Kuhlala isikhathi eside esimeni esinomswakama, kusalokhu kugcina ukusebenza kwalo okuqala kokuvikela.
Isikhathi sePosi: Meyi-09-2023