Funda ngokubuyekezwa kwe-UL 1449 Surge Protective Devices (SPDs), ungeze izidingo zokuhlola zemikhiqizo ezindaweni ezinomswakama, ikakhulukazi usebenzisa izivivinyo zokushisa nomswakama ezingaguquki. Funda ukuthi iyini i-surge protector, nokuthi iyini indawo emanzi.
Izivikelo zokukhuphuka (Amadivayisi Okuvikela Ukukhuphuka, ama-SPD) bezilokhu zibhekwa njengesivikelo esibaluleke kakhulu semishini kagesi. Zingavimbela ukuguquguquka kwamandla nokukhula kwamandla okuqongelelekayo, ukuze imishini evikelwe ingonakaliswa ukushaqeka kwamandla okungazelelwe. Isivikelo sokukhuphuka singaba yidivayisi ephelele eklanywe ngokuzimela, noma ingaklanywa njengengxenye futhi ifakwe emishinini kagesi yesistimu yamandla.
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, izivikeli zokuqhuma zisetshenziswa ngezindlela ezahlukene, kodwa zihlala zibaluleke kakhulu uma kukhulunywa ngemisebenzi yokuphepha. Izinga le-UL 1449 liyimfuneko ejwayelekile ochwepheshe banamuhla abajwayelene nayo lapho befaka isicelo sokufinyelela emakethe.
Njengoba imishini kagesi ikhula ngobunzima kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo ezimbonini eziningi, njengezibani zasemgwaqweni ze-LED, izitimela, i-5G, i-photovoltaics kanye ne-electronics yezimoto, ukusetshenziswa kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezivikeli zokukhuphuka kwamandla kagesi kuyanda ngokushesha, futhi amazinga embonini nawo ayadingeka ukuhambisana nesikhathi futhi ahlale evuselelwa.
Incazelo Yendawo Enomswakama
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yi-NFPA 70 ye-National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) noma i-National Electrical Code® (NEC), "indawo emanzi" ichazwe ngokucacile kanje:
Izindawo ezivikelwe esimweni sezulu futhi azikho ngaphansi kokugcwala kwamanzi noma olunye uketshezi kodwa zingaphansi kwamazinga omswakama aphakathi nendawo.
Ngokukhethekile, amatende, amaveranda avulekile, kanye nezindawo ezingaphansi komhlaba noma izindawo zokugcina impahla eziqandisiwe, njll., yizindawo "ezinomswakama omaphakathi" kukhodi.
Uma isivikelo sokukhuphuka (njenge-varistor) sifakwe kumkhiqizo wokugcina, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi umkhiqizo wokugcina ufakiwe noma usetshenziswa endaweni enomswakama oguquguqukayo, futhi kumele kucatshangelwe ukuthi endaweni enomswakama onjalo, isivikelo sokukhuphuka singahlangabezana yini nezindinganiso zokuphepha endaweni evamile.
Izidingo Zokuhlola Ukusebenza Komkhiqizo Ezindaweni Ezinomswakama
Izindinganiso eziningi zidinga ngokusobala ukuthi imikhiqizo kumele idlule uchungechunge lokuhlolwa kokuthembeka ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngesikhathi somjikelezo wokuphila komkhiqizo, njengokushisa okuphezulu kanye nomswakama ophezulu, ukushaqeka kokushisa, ukudlidliza kanye nezinto zokuhlola ukuwa. Ezivivinyweni ezibandakanya izindawo ezinomswakama ezilingisiwe, ukuhlolwa kokushisa okuqhubekayo kanye nomswakama kuzosetshenziswa njengokuhlolwa okuyinhloko, ikakhulukazi izinga lokushisa elingu-85°C/umswakama ongu-85% (okwaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi “ukuhlolwa okuphindwe kabili okungu-85”) kanye nokushisa okungu-40°C/93% Umswakama Inhlanganisela yalezi zisethi ezimbili zamapharamitha.
Ukuhlolwa kokushisa nomswakama okuqhubekayo kuhlose ukusheshisa impilo yomkhiqizo ngezindlela zokuhlola. Kungahlola kahle ikhono lomkhiqizo lokulwa nokuguga, okuhlanganisa nokubheka ukuthi umkhiqizo unezici zokuphila isikhathi eside kanye nokulahlekelwa okuncane endaweni ekhethekile.
Senze inhlolovo yemibuzo embonini, futhi imiphumela ikhombisa ukuthi inani elikhulu labakhiqizi bemikhiqizo yokugcina benza izidingo zokuhlolwa kokushisa nomswakama kwezivikelo zokukhuphuka kanye nezingxenye ezisetshenziswa ngaphakathi, kodwa indinganiso ye-UL 1449 ngaleso sikhathi yayingenalo ulwazi oluhambisanayo. Ngakho-ke, umenzi kumele enze izivivinyo ezengeziwe yedwa ngemuva kokuthola isitifiketi se-UL 1449; futhi uma kudingeka umbiko wesitifiketi seqembu lesithathu, ukusebenza kwenqubo yokusebenza okukhulunywe ngayo ngenhla kuzoncishiswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho umkhiqizo wokugcina ufaka isicelo sesitifiketi se-UL, uzophinde ubhekane nesimo sokuthi umbiko wesitifiketi wezingxenye ezisetshenziswa ngaphakathi ezizwela ukucindezeleka awufakiwe esivivinyweni sesicelo sendawo emanzi, futhi kudingeka ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe.
Siyaqonda izidingo zamakhasimende futhi sizimisele ukusiza amakhasimende ukuxazulula izinkinga ahlangabezana nazo ekusebenzeni kwangempela. I-UL yethule uhlelo lokuvuselela olujwayelekile lwe-1449.
Izidingo zokuhlola ezihambisanayo zengezwe kuzinga
Izinga le-UL 1449 lisanda kufaka izidingo zokuhlola imikhiqizo esezindaweni ezimanzi. Abakhiqizi bangakhetha ukwengeza lokhu kuhlolwa okusha esivivinyweni ngenkathi befaka isicelo sesitifiketi se-UL.
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ukuhlolwa kokusetshenziswa kwendawo emanzi kusebenzisa kakhulu ukuhlolwa kokushisa nomswakama okungaguquki. Okulandelayo kuchaza inqubo yokuhlola ukuqinisekisa ukufaneleka kwe-Varistor (MOV)/Gas Discharge Tube (GDT) ekusetshenzisweni kwendawo emanzi:
Amasampula okuhlola azoqala ahlolwe ukuguga ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa okuphezulu kanye nomswakama ophezulu amahora ayi-1000, bese kuthi i-voltage ye-varistor ye-varistor noma i-voltage yokuqhekeka kwepayipi lokukhipha igesi iqhathaniswe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izingxenye zokuvikela ukukhuphuka zingahlala isikhathi eside yini Endaweni enomswakama, isaqhubeka nokusebenza kwayo kokuvikela kwasekuqaleni.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Meyi-09-2023